Kamil Koc Телефонные номера: Kamil Koc Автобусы, работающие с года и являющиеся старейшей компанией автомобильного пассажирского транспорта в Турции. Это автобусная компания, которая поддерживает удовлетворенность клиентов на высшем уровне, удовлетворяя ожидания клиентов. С его дружелюбными, уважительными, образованными и опытными сотрудниками, он предлагает качественные туристические услуги для вас, наших уважаемых пассажиров. Последняя модель в Турции с комфортабельным и безопасным парком автобусов, оснащенных технологией, обеспечивающей почти всю разветвленную транспортную сеть города.
Камил Коч Туризм Адана, Афьон, Агры, Аксарай, Амасья, Анкара, Анталья, Артвин, Айдын, Балыкесир, Бартын, Биледжик, Бингол, Битлис, Болу, Бурдур, Бурса, Чанаккале, Чорум, Дениззекцаржаси Дари, Даризекзар-Даси-Дари, Дусили, Дайзекцар-Дари, Дури, Данжекцар-Дари, Дани, Данжезар, Дана, Данислайзер, Дани , Эрзурум, Эскишехир, Газиантеп, Гиресун, Гюмюшхане, Хатай, Испарта, Стамбул, Измир, Кахраманмараш, Карабюк, Караман, Кастамону, Кайсери, Кырыккале, Кыршехир, Коджаэли, Муа, Нейш, Мия, Ния, Киса В провинциях Орду, Османие, Ризе, Сакарья, Синоп, Сивас, Шанлыурфа, Текирдаг, Токат, Трабзон, Ушак, Ван, Ялова, Йозгат, Зонгулдак стремление к перевозке пассажиров. Следует договориться с тщательно подобранными качественными базами отдыха, где его клиенты могут удовлетворить свои потребности во время перерыва.
Получить информацию о компании можно, связавшись с номером обслуживания клиентов и его филиалами в провинциях. Выполнение многих первых задач определяет профессиональные стандарты междугородной пассажирской транспортной компании в Турции, она была пионером. Сегодня входит в число крупнейших компаний Турции Kamil Koc и продолжает предоставлять транспортные услуги.
Камил Коч делает перерыв в первоклассных местах отдыха, на которых пассажиры автобуса будут довольны, на маршрутах, которые он организует. Эти объекты отдыха;
Вы можете изучить расписание автобусов, маршруты и время в пути, особенности автобусов, планы рассадки сидений, цены на автобусные билеты, онлайн, чтобы найти дешевые и подходящие билеты на автобус от автобусов Камил Коч Туризм и совершить приятное путешествие с этой компанией. Билеты на автобус Камил Коч продаются онлайн.
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Наши провинции, куда Камиль Коч перевозит пассажиров из города Измир и организует автобусные перевозки
Адана, Афьон, Агры, Аксарай, Амасья, Анкара, Анталья, Артвин, Айдын, Балыкесир, Бартын, Биледжик, Бингол, Битлис, Болу, Бурдур, Бурса, Чанаккале, Чорум, Денизли, Диярбазкурсар, Диярбакзуржырасы, Диярбансуржур, Кызылорда Эскишехир, Газиантеп, Гиресун, Гюмюшхане, Хатай, Испарта, Стамбул, Измир, Кахраманмараш, Карабюк, Караман, Кастамону, Кайсери, Кырыккале, Кыршехир, Коджаэли, Конья, Муашиш, Мюйшехейн, Куясели, Ман, Нейшехин, Мухайшехин Османие, Ризе, Сакарья, Синоп, Сивас, Шанлыурфа, Текирдаг, Токат, Трабзон, Ушак, Ван, Ялова, Йозгат, Зонгулдак
Нынешний Камил Коч, предлагающий услуги продажи билетов из 67 пункта в городах во всех регионах Турции, обеспечивает доступ к наиболее предпочтительному месту. Обладая молодым парком из автомобилей, он предлагает своим пассажирам возможность комфортного и безопасного путешествия и большое количество рейсов.
Видение роста компании к году - увеличить количество автомобилей до и достичь 30 миллионов пассажиров в год.
Камил Коч включает стандартные элементы комфорта во все автобусы, чтобы обеспечить лучшую конкуренцию с другими автобусными компаниями и комфорт пассажиров. Высококачественные сиденья и внутренняя отделка, специальные наушники для каждого пассажира, стандартная система воздушного отопления и охлаждения, беспроводной доступ в Интернет, прохладительные напитки, розетки вольт для автомобиля для использования пассажирами - вот лишь некоторые из этих элементов, которые входят в стандартную комплектацию всех автомобилей Kamil Koç.
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Günceleme: 04/01/
City in Bursa province in western Turkey
This article is about the city. For bursas in the human body, see Synovial bursa. For other uses, see Bursa (disambiguation).
Metropolitan municipality in Marmara, Turkey
Bursa | |
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Clockwise from top: Hüdavendigar Park; Green Mosque; Irgandı Bridge and Orhan Gazi Square; nostalgic tram on Cumhuriyet Avenue; Koza Han; and Bursa – Mt. Uludağ gondola lift | |
Emblem of Bursa Metropolitan Municipality | |
Bursa Location of Bursa within the Region of Marmara in Turkey Show map of MarmaraBursa Bursa (Turkey) Show map of Turkey | |
Coordinates: 40°11′N29°03′E / °N °E / ; | |
Country | Turkey |
Region | Marmara |
Province | Bursa |
•Mayor | Alinur Aktaş (AK Party) |
•Metropolitan municipality | 10,km2 (4,sqmi) |
•Urban | 1,km2 (sqmi) |
•Metro | 17,km2 (6,sqmi) |
Elevation | m (ft) |
•Metropolitan municipality | 3,, |
•Density | /km2 (/sqmi) |
•Urban | 1,, |
•Urbandensity | 1,/km2 (4,/sqmi) |
•Metro | 2,, |
•Metrodensity | /km2 (/sqmi) |
Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |
Postal code | |
Area code | (+90) |
Licenceplate | 16 |
Website | seafoodplus.info |
Official name | Bursa and Cumalıkızık: the Birth of the Ottoman Empire |
Type | Cultural |
Criteria | i, ii, iv, vi |
Designated | (38th session) |
Referenceno. | |
Region | Europe |
Bursa (Greek: Προῦσα, translit.Proûsa, Latin: Prusa, Ottoman Turkish: بروسه) is a city in northwestern Turkey and the administrative center of Bursa Province. The fourth-most populous city in Turkey and second-most populous in the Marmara Region, Bursa is one of the industrial centers of the country. Most of Turkey's automotive production takes place in Bursa.
As of , the Metropolitan Province was home to 3,, inhabitants, 2,, of whom lived in the 3 city urban districts (Osmangazi, Yildirim and Nilufer) plus Gursu and Kestel, largely conurbated.[2]
Bursa was the first major and second overall capital of the Ottoman State between and The city was referred to as Hüdavendigar (خداوندگار, meaning "God's Gift" in Ottoman Turkish, a name of Persian origin) during the Ottoman period, while a more recent nickname is Yeşil Bursa ("Green Bursa") in reference to the parks and gardens located across its urban fabric, as well as to the vast and richly varied forests of the surrounding region. Mount Uludağ, known in classical antiquity as the Mysian Olympus or alternatively Bithynian Olympus, towers over the city, and has a well-known ski resort. Bursa has rather orderly urban growth and borders a fertile plain. The mausoleums of the early Ottoman sultans are located in Bursa, and the city's main landmarks include numerous edifices built throughout the Ottoman period. Bursa also has thermal baths, old Ottoman mansions, palaces, and several museums.
The shadow play characters Karagöz and Hacivat are based on historic personalities who lived and died in Bursa in the 14th century.[3]
See also: Timeline of Bursa history and Prousa
The earliest known human settlement near Bursa's current location was at Ilıpınar Höyüğü around BC.[4] It was followed by the ancient Greek city of Cius, which Philip V of Macedon granted to Prusias I, the King of Bithynia, in BC. King Prusias rebuilt the city with the advice of general Hannibal of Carthage, who took refuge with Prusias after losing the war with the Roman Republic and renamed it Prusa (Ancient Greek: Προῦσα; sometimes rendered as Prussa). After years of Bithynian rule, Nicomedes IV, the last King of Bithynia, bequeathed the entire kingdom to the Roman Empire in 74 BC. An early Roman Treasure was found in the vicinity of Bursa in the early 20th century. Composed of a woman's silver toilet articles, it is now in the British Museum.[5]
Under Byzantine rule, the town became a garrison city in AD, where imperial guards were stationed there. Already by the mid-6th century, Bursa was known as a famous silk textile manufacturing centre.[6]
Bursa (from the Greek "Prusa") became the first major capital city of the early Ottoman Empire following its capture from the Byzantines in As a result, the city witnessed a considerable amount of urban growth such as the building of hospitals, caravanserais and madrasas throughout the 14th century, with the first official Ottoman mint established in the city.[6] After conquering Edirne (Adrianople) in East Thrace, the Ottomans turned it into the new capital city in , but Bursa retained its spiritual and commercial importance in the Ottoman Empire.[7] The Ottoman sultan Bayezid I built the Bayezid Külliyesi (Bayezid I theological complex) in Bursa between and [8] and the Ulu Cami (Grand Mosque) between and [9] After Bayezid was defeated in the Battle of Ankara by the forces Timur in , the latter's grandson, Muhammad Sultan Mirza, had the city pillaged and burned.[10] Despite this, Bursa remained as the most important administrative and commercial centre in the empire until Mehmed II conquered Constantinople in The population of Bursa was 45, in
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
45, | — | |
61, | +% | |
, | +% | |
, | +% | |
1,, | +% | |
1,, | +% |
[11]
During the Ottoman period, Bursa continued to be the source of most royal silk products. Aside from the local silk production, the city imported raw silk from Iran, and occasionally from China, and was the main production centre for the kaftans, pillows, embroidery and other silk products for the Ottoman palaces until the 17th century.[12] Devshirme system was also implemented in Bursa and its surroundings where it was negotiated between the authorities and locals. For example, during the levy, the villagers of a Christian village called Eğerciler, in Bursa, declared that they were responsible for providing sheep to the capital, and the children of the village were very much needed as shepherds. They asserted that even though they were not obliged to give any children for the army, the officers took some anyway, and that they should be returned. The villagers’ claim that it was in tremendous need of future shepherds was taken seriously by the state, and a decree commanded the return of the children.[13] Bursa was also notable for its numerous hammams (bath) built during the reign of Suleiman such as the Yeni Kaplıca.[6] From until , Bursa was the capital of Hüdavendigâr vilayet. As it was a significant cultural and trade hub, traders, most of whom were Armenians, became very wealthy.[14] The most influential study of Bursa's silk trade and economic history is the work of Ottomanist Halil İnalcık.[15]
In July , thousands of Greek Orthodox Christians sought refuge into Bursa after having been forced out of their coastal villages by orders of the Young Turk government. This worsened the situation of the native Greeks of Bursa, who had managed to survive through the attacks and boycotts of A short time late, deportation orders came for Bursa's Armenians. Protestant Armenians were initially spared from deportation, but villagers that tried to resist were massacred. Most of the deportees would perish in what became known as the Armenian Genocide. Subsequently, large numbers of Kurds and Circassians, as well as Syrians form the south, were settled in the homes and towns of the deported Christians, radically altering the demographic composition of the town and region.[16] According to Mustafa Zahit Oner, in the last days of the Greco-Turkish War in , the Greek Army attempted to burn the center of Bursa however they were stopped by the allied commanders and were only able to burn the train station together with Turkish civilians in it.[17] The Cretan artilleryman Vasilios Moustakis describes the event with the following words: "The Infantry had come through and set fire to the station. We saw an English general on horseback, who ordered the fire to be put out, because if Bursa is burned, it would be to the detriment of Greece"[18]
Following the foundation of the Republic of Turkey in , Bursa became one of the industrial centres of the country. The economic development of the city was followed by population growth and Bursa became the 4th most populous city in Turkey.
The city has traditionally been a pole of attraction, and was a major centre for refugees from various ethnic backgrounds who immigrated to Anatolia from the Balkans during the loss of the Ottoman territories in Europe between the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The most recent arrival of Balkan Turks took place between the s and s, when the People's Republic of Bulgaria expelled approximately , Bulgarian Turks to Turkey.[19] About one-third of these , Bulgarian Turkish refugees eventually settled in Bursa (especially in the Hürriyet neighborhood). With the construction of new industrial zones in the period between and , many people from the eastern provinces of Turkey came and settled in Bursa.
BSk
Csa
Csb
Cfa
Dsb
Dsc
The area covered by Bursa corresponds to % of Turkey's land area, which makes the city 27th in the country in terms of land area.[21] Bursa stands on the northwestern slopes of Mount Uludağ (known as the Mysian Olympus in classical antiquity), on the banks of the Nilüfer River, in the southern Marmara Region. It is the capital city of Bursa Province, which borders the Sea of Marmara and Yalova to the north; Kocaeli and Sakarya to the northeast; Bilecik to the east; and Kütahya and Balıkesir to the south.
Bursa has a Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: Csa) under the Köppen classification, and dry-hot summer subtropical climate (Csa) under the Trewartha classification. The city has hot, dry summers that last from June until September. Winters are cool and damp, also containing the most rainfall. There can be snow on the ground which will last for a week or two. Air pollution is a chronic problem in Bursa.[22]
Climate data for Bursa (–, extremes –) | |||||||||||||
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Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () |
Average high °C (°F) | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () |
Daily mean °C (°F) | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () |
Average low °C (°F) | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () |
Record low °C (°F) | − (−) | − (−) | − () | − () | () | () | () | () | () | − () | − () | − (−) | − (−) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () |
Average precipitation days | |||||||||||||
Average relative humidity (%) | 77 | 76 | 75 | 72 | 71 | 65 | 62 | 64 | 67 | 75 | 78 | 78 | 72 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 2, | ||||||||||||
Mean daily sunshine hours | |||||||||||||
Source 1: Turkish State Meteorological Service[23] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Deutscher Wetterdienst (humidity –)[24] |
Bursa is the largest production centre of the Turkish automotive industry.[25] Factories of motor vehicle producers like Fiat, Renault and Karsan, as well as automotive parts producers like Bosch, Mako, Valeo, Johnson Controls, Delphi have been active in the city for decades. The textile and food industries are equally strong, with Coca-Cola, Pepsi Cola and other beverage brands, as well as fresh and canned food industries being present in the city's organized industrial zones.
Apart from its large automotive industry, Bursa also produces a substantial amount of dairy products (by Sütaş),[26] processed food (by Tat),[27] and beverages (by Uludağ).[28]
Traditionally, Bursa was famous for being the largest centre of silk trade in the Byzantine and later the Ottoman empires, during the period of the lucrative Silk Road. The city is still a major centre for textiles in Turkey and is home to the Bursa International Textiles and Trade Centre (Bursa Uluslararası Tekstil ve Ticaret Merkezi, or BUTTIM). Bursa was also known for its fertile soil and agricultural activities, which have decreased in the recent decades due to the heavy industrialization of the city.
Bursa is a major centre for tourism. One of the most popular skiing resorts of Turkey is located at Mount Uludağ, just next to the city proper. Bursa's thermal baths have been used for therapeutical purposes since Roman times. Apart from the baths that are operated by hotels, Uludağ University has a physical therapy centre which also makes use of thermal water.
Bursa has a metro (Bursaray), trams[29] and bus system for inner-city public transport, while taxi cabs are also available. Bursa's Yenişehir Airport is 20mi (32km) away from the city centre. The citizens of Bursa also prefer Istanbul's airports such as Istanbul Airport and Sabiha Gökçen International Airport for flights to foreign countries, due to Istanbul's proximity to Bursa. There are numerous daily bus and ferry services between the two cities.
The km (mi) long Bursa Uludağ Gondola (Turkish: Teleferik) connects Bursa with the ski resort areas 1,m (6,ft) high on the mountain Uludağ.[30]
The only railway station in Bursa is the Harmancık station on the Balıkesir-Kütahya railway, which was opened in
The average amount of time people spend commuting with public transit in Bursa, for example to and from work, on a weekday is 62 min. 12% of public transit riders ride for more than 2 hours every day. The average amount of time people wait at a stop or station for public transit is 18 min, while 31% of riders wait for over 20 minutes on average every day. The average distance people usually ride in a single trip with public transit is km (mi), while 17% travel for over 12km (mi) in a single direction.[31]