Lagu seriosa needs to be understood in relation to efforts made by Indonesia and Malaysia to try and delineate their cultural identities in the era of Konfrontasi in the early s, instead of focusing on its similarities and comparisons of its origins. Sjukur, personal communication, March 1, The text was all sung, in the manner of langendriya. Children receive and reproduce instruction with the goal ultimately of creating or producing new work Thalib [] , This mediator is unique in comparison to other forms of art music.
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