POLITICAL RESULTS OF THE BREST LITOVSK PEACE TREATY (IN TERMS OF SOVIET RUSSIA AND THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE)
Öz:
TThe Bolsheviks, who came to power with the October Revolution in Russia, called on all belligerents to end the war and cease fire with a notice they published. As a result of the negotiations, Brest Litovsk Peace Treaty was signed between Germany, Russia, Ottoman State, Bulgaria and Austria-Hungary Empire on March 3, The Russian Empire, which participated in World War I from among the Allied Powers, had problems in its internal politics during the war period and all this resulted in the abolition of the Tzar regime in the Russian Empire. The Bolshevik party, which described World War I from the first days of the war as the war of interest among the imperialist powers among themselves, tried to get Russia out of the World War I after taking over the domination with Lenin in charge. Since many parties, who at time of October Revolution was on the same front with them, did not share the same opinions with them on this issue, this issue brought the crisis of domination, and even the Left SR even revolted in July for this reason. In addition, the German Empire stipulated too severe conditions that even the Bolsheviks who pushed the limits for Peace would not accept, as the Bolsheviks naturally accepted the ceasefire demands as a sign of weakness. Although the Bolsheviks, who understood that the situation was against Russia, brought forward the slogan of "neither war nor peace" as Trotsky put it, with the Germans quickly entering Russia's lands in the first months of and reaching up to 40 km of the capital Petrograd, accepted the harsh conditions of the German Empire, signed a ceasefire with them, and then the Brest Litovsk Peace Treaty. Bolsheviks taking over the domination in Russia with this Treaty agreed to leave Finland, Ukraine, the lands on the edge of the Baltic Sea, a part of Belarus, Kars, Ardahan, Batumi provinces that were acquired as a result of the Russian-Ottoman war between , to recognize the independence of the People's Republic of Ukraine, to disarm its army and navy, to end propaganda for Allied Powers. Soviet Russia, with the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, lost 34% of its population, 32% of its territory (Poland, Baltic states, Finland, Ukraine and a part of Belarus), 54% of industrial companies, 33% of railways, 73% of its iron ore and 90% of coal mines. However, the Treaty of Brest Litovsk with Soviet Russia caused great losses for Russia, but had different consequences for other countries that signed the text. In particular, by this treaty, the Ottoman Empire was able to reclaim the provinces of Kars, Ardahan and Batumi, which were occupied. In addition, Russia's recognition of the right of nations to determine their destiny caused the Ottoman Empire to benefit from this situation. Some states, once occupied by the Russian Empire, Polish, Ukrainians, Baltic peoples in Eastern Europe, Azerbaijan Turks, Georgians and Armenians in the South Caucasus declared their republics and continued their lives as an independent state until the Soviet occupation. In other studies, on this subject, mostly Turkish and German records were used. The difference of this study from the others was the emphasis on Russian resources and the ongoing discussions about this peace treaty in the Soviet-Russian domestic politics. In this study, the road that led Soviet Russia to the Brest Litovsk Treaty in general, the events that developed after the signing of the Treaty, the results of the signing of the Peace Treaty were evaluated in terms of both the Soviet Russia and the Ottoman State. Although Brest Litovsk was a Treaty that had power only for a few months, it had different consequences for both Soviet Russia and Ottoman states.
Anahtar Kelime: